Borobudur
was built around 800 AD or the 9th century. Borobudur was built by the
followers of Mahayana Buddhism during the reign of Dynasty dynasty. The temple
was built in the heyday of the dynasty dynasty. Founder of the Borobudur
Temple, King Samaratungga originating from or dynasty dynasty dynasty. The
possibility of this temple was built around 824 AD and was completed around the
year AD 900's during the reign of Queen Pramudawardhani who is the daughter of
Samaratungga. While the architects who contributed to build this temple
according to a story passed down through generations named Gunadharma.
Borobudur
own words based on the first written evidence, written by Sir Thomas Stamford
Raffles, Governor General of the United Kingdom in Java, which gives the name
of this temple. There is no written evidence that older who gave names to the
temple of Borobudur. Only one of the oldest documents that show the existence
of this temple is Nagarakretagama book, written by the MPU Prapanca in 1365. In
the book is written that this temple was used as a place of Buddhist
meditation.
Meaning of the name Borobudur is "monastery in
the hills", which comes from the word "bara" (temple or
monastery) and "beduhur" (hills or high places) in Sanskrit.
Therefore, in accordance with the meaning of the name Borobudur, so this place
long ago used as a place of Buddhist worship.This temple for centuries are no
longer used. Then because of volcanic eruptions, most of the buildings covered
Borobudur volcanic soil. In addition, the building is also covered with various
trees and shrubs for centuries. Then the building of this temple began
forgotten in the days of Islam arrived in Indonesia around the 15th century.In
1814 when the British occupied Indonesia, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles heard of
the discovery of archaeological objects in the giant-sized village of Magelang
Bumisegoro. Due to great interest of the history of Java, Raffles immediately
ordered the HC Cornelius, a Dutch engineer, to investigate the location of the
current invention is a hill covered with shrubs.
Cornelius assisted by about 200 men cut down trees
and remove shrubs that cover the giant building. Because the building is
already fragile and could collapse, then Cornelius Raffles reported to the
invention includes a few pictures. Because of that discovery, Raffles was
honored as the person who started the restoration of Borobudur temple and got
the attention of the world. In 1835, the entire area of the temple has been
unearthed. The temple is kept restored in the Dutch colonial period.After
Indonesia's independence, in 1956, the Indonesian government requested the
assistance of UNESCO to examine the damage to Borobudur. Then in 1963, out of
the official Indonesian government's decision to conduct the restoration of Borobudur
temple with the help of UNESCO. However, this restoration was only really began
to place on August 10, 1973. The new restoration process was completed in 1984.
Since 1991, the Borobudur Temple as a World Heritage Site set or a World
Heritage by UNESCO.
Borobudur
Temple
Borobudur
temple is located in Magelang, Central Java, about 40 km
from Yogyakarta. Borobudur has 10 levels consisting of six levels of a square,
3 levels of a circular and a main stupa as the peak. At each level there are
several stupas. Altogether there are 72 stupas in addition to the main stupa.
In every stupa there is a statue of Buddha. Ten levels of Buddhist philosophy
the ten levels of Bodhisattva who must pass to reach the perfection of the
Buddha in nirvana. This perfection is symbolized by the main stupa at the top
level. Borobudur structure when viewed from above form a mandala structure that
describes the Buddhist cosmology and human thinking.
On the fourth side there is a temple gate and stairs
to the level above it like a pyramid. This illustrates the Buddhist philosophy
that all life came from rocks. Stone became sand, then a plant and then into an
insect, then a wild animal and pets, and the last to be human. This process is
known as reincarnation. The final process is to be the soul and finally into
nirvana. Each stage in the process of enlightenment is based on the Buddhist
philosophy of life depicted in the reliefs and sculptures in the entire temple
of Borobudur.This huge building just a giant pile of stone blocks which have a
total height of 42 meters. Each stone spliced without using cement or
adhesive. These stones are only connected by the pattern and stacked. The base
of Borobudur Temple is about 118 m on each side. The stones are used
approximately 55 000 cubic meters. All the stone was taken from the river
around Borobudur. These stones are cut and spliced and transported to a
pattern like lego games. All without using glue or cement.
While the relief began to be made after the
completion of rocks stacked and connected. Reliefs found on the temple walls.
Borobudur has 2670 different relief. Relief is read clockwise. This relief
depicts a story that I read it starts and ends at the gate to the east. This
suggests that the main gate of the Borobudur temple facing east like most other
Buddhist temples.
Vesak
celebration at Borobudur
Every year on the full moon in May (or June in leap
years), of Buddhists in Indonesia commemorating Vesak at Borobudur. Vesak is
celebrated as the day of birth, death and the time when Siddhartha Gautama
obtained the highest wisdom to become the Buddha Shakyamuni. The third event is
called Vesak Trisuci. Vesak ceremony centered at three Buddhist temples by
walking from the Mendut Pawon and ending at Borobudur.On the eve of Vesak,
especially during the peak moment of full moon, Buddhists gathered around
Borobudur. At that time, Borobudur is believed to be a gathering place of
supernatural powers. According to belief, during Vesak, the Buddha will appear
in a look at the top of a mountain in the south.
Borobudur
Currently, Borobudur has become a tourist attraction
which attracts both local and foreign tourists. In addition, the Borobudur
Temple has become a holy place for Buddhists in Indonesia and became the center
of the most important annual celebration of the Buddhist Vesak.Borobudur be one
proof of the greatness and the human intellect has ever made in Indonesia.
Borobudur became a major cultural tourism and in Indonesia other than Bali and
Jakarta. After visiting Borobudur, you can also visit the surrounding villages
like Karanganyar which has some interesting sights.
Lihat Peta Lebih Besar
